In February 2025, the Government of Canada released an updated version of the “Nation to Nation Strategy,” aimed at strengthening partnerships with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Developed in consultation with Indigenous community representatives, the document focuses on self-governance, land rights, and social equity.
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One of the key elements of the strategy is a commitment to finalize all outstanding land claims agreements by 2030. To date, more than 100 modern agreements have been signed, but approximately 150 remain under negotiation, particularly in British Columbia and the Northwest Territories.
The government has also allocated $1.2 billion to support self-government institutions. These funds will be used to establish local health, education, and justice authorities governed by the communities themselves. Agreements have already been signed with 12 communities in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Particular attention is paid to language revitalization. The strategy will expand access to Indigenous language programs in schools and universities, and create a digital archive of oral traditions. According to Statistics Canada, less than 15% of Indigenous people speak their native languages fluently.
Social indicators are also a key focus. Despite progress, poverty, infant mortality, and unemployment rates in Indigenous communities remain above the national average. The new strategy includes targeted investments in housing, clean water, and health infrastructure.